According to the forecast and analysis of the National Agricultural Technology Center, it is expected that the overall occurrence of soybean diseases and insect pests in the country will be moderate in 2024, with an area of 130 million mu, which is heavier than the previous year. Among them, soybean root rot and soybean borer are in the spring soybean area in Northeast China, beet armyworm is in the soybean and corn composite planting area in Huanghuaihai, and whitefly is at risk of heavy occurrence in the southern part of Huanghuai. In order to do a good job in soybean disease and insect control in 2024, this plan is formulated.
1. Prevention and control objectives
The major disease and insect control and disposal rate reaches more than 90%, the green control coverage rate reaches more than 54%, the overall prevention and control effect reaches more than 85%, and the loss rate of major disease and insect damage is controlled within 5%, ensuring the safety and effective supply of soybean production.
2. Prevention and control strategies
Adhere to the principle of prevention first and comprehensive prevention and control, based on healthy cultivation, rationally use technical measures such as ecological regulation, physical and chemical inducement and control, biological control, scientific use of drugs, etc., implement policies in different regions, and effectively ensure that prevention and control technologies are in place and improve prevention and control effects.
3. Targets of prevention and control
(i) Northern spring soybean area
Root rot, cyst nematode disease, sclerotinia disease, downy mildew, gray spot disease, bacterial spot disease, soybean borer, bean pod borer, soybean aphid, red spider, cotton bollworm, alfalfa armyworm, underground pests, leaf beetles, etc.
(ii) Huanghuai summer soybean area
Root rot, virus disease, phomopsis seed rot (stem blight), anthracnose, underground pests, whitefly, bee-edge stink bug, beet armyworm, cotton bollworm, soybean borer, bean pod borer, soybean aphid, etc.
(iii) Southern multi-crop soybean area
Root rot, rust, virus disease, anthracnose, armyworm, beet armyworm, bean leaf roller, bean stalk black miner, high dragon weevils, bee-edge stink bug, rice green stink bug, bean pod borer, underground pests, etc.
4. Prevention and control measures
(i) Sowing period. Reasonable crop rotation to reduce repeated cropping; select pest-resistant varieties and do a good job of seed coating. Seed treatment agents containing ingredients such as fludioxonil, pyraclostrobin, and avermectin benzoate can be used to prevent and control root diseases such as soybean root rot and cyst nematode disease. Seed treatment agents containing ingredients such as thiamethoxam and imidacloprid can be used to prevent and control underground pests and seedling pests such as soybean aphids. Granular agents such as imidacloprid or Metarhizium anisopliae can be used for broadcasting or seed and fertilizer sowing in areas where underground pests such as white grubs are prevalent.
(II) From the seedling stage to the branching stage. In areas where root rot is prevalent, agents such as flufenac, azoxystrobin, and metalaxyl can be used to spray the base of the stem. Leaf-feeding pests can be sprayed with agents such as chlorantraniliprole; piercing-sucking pests can be sprayed with chemical agents such as imidacloprid, high-chlorine imidacloprid, and thiamethoxam high-chlorine fluoride, or biological pesticides such as matrine and avermectin. To prevent and control viral diseases, it is necessary to prevent and control piercing-sucking pests in time to block their transmission of viruses. Prevention can be combined with spraying of plant attractants such as amino oligosaccharides. Large-scale contiguous fields can be combined with physical control technologies such as yellow boards and light traps to monitor and kill adult pests such as whiteflies, beetles and lepidoptera.
(III) Flowering to grain filling stage. In the early stage of the disease, spray oxazolidinone·fluoxetine, propanedion·pyraclostrobin, etc. to prevent rust, stem blight and anthracnose, and also treat downy mildew and bacterial spot. At the same time, spray foliar fertilizers, growth regulators, attractants, etc. to strengthen plants and prevent premature aging. At the control point, the bee-edge bugs are trapped with aggregation pheromones, and sprayed with thiamethoxam and other pesticides, while also treating other piercing-sucking pests. During the peak period of soybean borer and bean pod borer, food attractants and sex attractants are used to kill them. In the early stage of egg laying, trichogramma bees are released to kill eggs. Newly hatched larvae are controlled by insecticides such as Bacillus thuringiensis, chlorantraniliprole, and high-efficiency chlorflucythrinate. Before the mature larvae begin to shed their pods and enter the soil, Beauveria bassiana powder is evenly spread on the surface to control overwintering larvae. Red spiders are sprayed with acaricides such as avermectin, etoxazole, and pyridaben. When soft-bodied pests such as snails occur, tetramethoate or tetramethoate·snaprolin are spread or sprayed for control.
(IV) Harvest period. During harvest, the straw is crushed and returned to the field, and deep plowing and harrowing are carried out to reduce the base number of pests and diseases.
V. Precautions
(I) In the early or early stages of pests and diseases, biological, physical and other non-chemical control measures are preferred, and attention is paid to protecting and utilizing natural enemies and biodiversity.
(II) To control leaf-feeding pests, the use of chemical pesticides can be appropriately reduced during the soybean vegetative growth period, and the focus should be on prevention and control during the flowering, pod-setting and grain-filling period.
(III) There are limited varieties of registered pesticides for soybeans. The pesticides mentioned in this plan are for reference only. According to the relevant regulations and guidance of the local agricultural and rural departments, the pesticides should be scientifically selected, and attention should be paid to reasonable rotation and alternating use of pesticides.